diogenes的英文介绍.ppt

General Introduction Diogenes the Cynic was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Also known as Diogenes of Sinope , he was born in Sinope (modern-day Sinop, Turkey) in 412 or 404 BCE and died at Corinth[k?rinθ] 科林斯(希腊古城) in 323 BCE. Life Diogenes was born in the Greek colony of Sinope on the south coast of the Black Sea, either in 412 BCE or 404 BCE. Nothing is known about his early life except that his father Hicesias was a banker.It seems likely that Diogenes was also enrolled into the banking business aiding his father. At some point (the exact date is unknown) Hicesias and Diogenes became embroiled [imbr?ild]（卷入的；纠缠不清的） in a scandal（丑闻） involving the adulteration [?d?lt?rei??n]（掺假）or defacement of the currency, and Diogenes was exiled [egzaild] （流亡的；放逐的） from the city. Diogenes of Sinope was a controversial figure. After being exiled from [放逐] his native city for defacing the currency（造假币）, he moved to Athens [?θinz] to debunk [di:b??k][揭穿] cultural conventions. Diogenes modelled himself on the example of Hercules[h?:kjuli:z] 赫拉克勒斯(大力神,宙斯之子). He believed that virtue(美德) was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his lifestyle and behaviour to criticize the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt society. He declared himself a cosmopolitan[k?zm?p?lit?n] （世界主义者,没有地方或国家偏见的）. There are many tales about him dogging（尾随） Antisthenes [?ntisθ?ni:z] （安提西尼(公元前444?～前365?，古希腊哲学家，犬儒学派创始人)footsteps and becoming his faithful hound[haund]（猎犬）,but it is by no means certain that the two men ever met. Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and slept in a tub（浴盆；桶）in the marketplace. He became notorious [n?ut?:ri?s]（臭名昭著的）for his philosophical stunts such as carrying a lamp in the daytime, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He publicly mocked Alexander and lived. He embarrassed Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates and sabotaged[s?b?tɑ:?](妨碍) his lectures. After be