16呼吸系统1.ppt

Chapter 14 Respiratory System;alveolar duct 肺泡管 alveolar sac 肺泡囊 alveolar septum 肺泡隔 alveoli 肺泡 alveolar wall 肺泡壁 calibre 管径 pneumocytes 肺泡细胞 alveolar pore 肺泡孔 parenchyma 间质 oxygen 氧 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 atmosphere 大气 nasal cavity 鼻腔 inspiration 吸气 expiration 呼气 asthma 哮喘 surfactant 表面活性物质 olfactory cell 嗅细胞 vestibular region前庭部 sustentacular cell 支持细胞 ;Cellular respiration Mechanical respiration: is the process by which oxygen required for cellular respiration is absorbed from the atmosphere into the blood vascular system and the process by which carbon dioxide is excreted into the atmosphere. Conducting portion: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. Function: bring the air to the region where exchange of gas can occur. Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveoli. Function: exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen. ;;Nasal mucosa Nasal mucosa include three regions, vestibular region, respiratory region and olfactory region. Vestibular region Epithelium: stratified squamous epithelium, be adapted to its protective function. Respiratory region Epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar for its function of air cleaning.;Olfactory region;3. Olfactory cell: long and thin. It is the only one sensory neuron that exists in the epithelium. In human beings, the number of the cell is about 107, in dog, it is about 2.2x108. Olfactory cell include three parts: soma, dendrite and axon. Soma contain the nuclear, located in the middle part of epithelium. Dendrite is on the top of the cell, the end part of the cell is bulbous, the bulbous structure is called olfactory vesicle, the olfactory cilia is made of different receptor, the cilia is olfactory sensor, produce the sense of smell. ; ;;Ciliated cell: columnar, cilia on cell surface. Ciliary activity is essential for continuous movement of glandular secretions toward the pharynx. Goblet cell: bulbous surface outline, la