人教版高中必修一语法知识点总结.doc

Unit 1 Friendship (friends and friendship, interpersonal relationship) Main grammar point: direct speech and indirect speech I (statements and questions) 主要语法知识点：直接引语和间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式，直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。例如： Mr Black said,“I’m busy”. (直接引语) Mr Black said that he was busy. （间接引语） 1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语，用力连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。 人称的变化 He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much. He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化 如主句的时态是一般过去式， 直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面也要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词时现在时，从句的时态无需变化 主句为一般过去式的时候，从句的时态变化： 一般现在时 → 一般现在时 “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a dairy,” said Anne. Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. 现在进行时 →过去进行时 The boy said,” I am using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 现在完成时→ 过去完成时 Cella said，”I have not heard from Jordan since May.” Cella said that she had not heard from Jordan since May. 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 They said,” we saw her in the street.” They said they had seen her in the street 过去完成时不变 He said,”I had finished my homework.” He said he had finished his work. 一般将来时 → 过去将来时 He said,” I will do it after class.” He said he would do it after class. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词等的变化 This that These those Now then Ago before/earlier Today that day Yesterday the day before Tomorrow the next/following day The day after tomorrow in two days’ time Come go Here here The day before yesterday tow days before/earlier 说明： 直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时，时态不变： He said,” Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound. 如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go, 如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变。 2 祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思上加上tell，ask, or