六年级上册语法点.doc

一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 （一）名词单复数 1．一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea （二）名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes 并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of ＋名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： （1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / （2）定冠词：the the egg the plane 定冠词的用法： （1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. （3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. （4）在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second. （5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： （1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等： This is my baseball. （3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. （4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. （5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. （6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. （7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. （8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. （9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus三、代词：人称代词，物主代