四肢骨连接（系统解剖学）.ppt

第三节 Joints of limbs 附肢骨的连结 Department of Anatomy 蒙 艳 斌 教学目的与要求 1.掌握肩关节的构成、特点及运动。 2.掌握肘关节的组成及运动，腕关节的形态及构成。 3.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。 4.掌握髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的形态、特点及运动。 5.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的组成，足弓的构成及功能。 The General Description Owing to the erect standing of human being,the upper limb has been freed and more movable from weight bearing and become a laboring organ.The joints of the upper limb are chiefly for the mobility in action,whereas the joints of the lower limb are for the stability. 一. 上肢骨的连结  （一）上肢带骨的连结 1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 *Composition: clavicular notch of sternum, and the first costal cartilage, sternal end of clavicle. *Feature: Articular capsule: strong *Movements(polyaxial joint) 2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 ( plane joint) 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带 （二）Joints of free upper limb 1.Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball-and-socket) *Composition: *Feature: Articular surface: Capsule: Thin and lax Attachments: 盂唇: 喙肱韧带 *Movements: 2. Elbow joint 肘关节(compound joint) *Composition: ①.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 ②Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 ③Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 *Feature: ① compound joint ②Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly. Ligaments: ①Radial collacteral ligament桡侧副韧带: ② Ulnar collacteral ligament尺侧副韧带: ③ Annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带: *Movements: 3.前臂骨的连结 Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜 2)腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joints: ★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 *Composition : *Feature:saddle joint *Movement: 3)The others:自学 二、下肢骨的连结Joints of Lower limb （一） 下肢带骨的连结 1.Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 *Composition: *Feature: Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments 2.髋骨与脊柱间的韧带 1) Iliolumbal ligament髂腰韧带: 2) Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带 3) Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 坐骨大、小孔 3. Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 4.Obturator membrane