[经济学]国际金融第7章The International Monetary System.ppt

Key terms Dollar shortage 美元荒 Dollar glut 美元泛滥 International monetary system 国际货币体系 Bretton Woods 布雷顿森林 Scarce-currency clause 稀缺货币条款 Special Drawing Right SDR，特别提款权 A basket of currencies 货币篮 Bretton Woods Agreement “布”协议 Confidence problem 信心问题 International Monetary Fund IMF,国际货币基金组织 Convertible currency 可兑换货币 Balance of payment equilibrium BOP平衡 Chapter Organization Macroeconomic Policy Goals in an Open Economy International Macroeconomic Policy Under the Gold Standard, 1870-1914 The Interwar Years, 1918-1939 The Bretton Woods System and the International Monetary Fund Internal and External Balance Under the Bretton Woods System Analyzing Policy Options Under the Bretton Woods System Chapter Organization The External Balance Problem of the United States Worldwide Inflation and the Transition to Floating Rates Summary 第一节 国际货币体系概述Introduction The interdependence of open national economies has made it more difficult for governments to achieve full employment and price stability. The channels of interdependence depend on the monetary and exchange rate arrangements. This chapter examines the evolution of the international monetary system and how it influenced macroeconomic policy. 1.1 国际货币体系定义（532页） 国际货币体系包含的内容： ①国际储备资产的确定 the international reserve asset ②汇率制度的确定 the exchange rate arrangement ③BOP的调节方式 the adjustment of the BOP 1.2 Macroeconomic Policy Goals in an Open Economy In open economies, policymakers are motivated by two goals: Internal balance It requires the full employment of a country’s resources and domestic price level stability. External balance It is attained when a country’s current account is neither so deeply in deficit nor so strongly in surplus. 第二节 金本位下的国际货币体系International Macroeconomic Policy Under the Gold Standard, 1870-1914 金本位下国际货币体系的特征 1、黄金在国际交往中充当 2、两国货币汇率以铸币平价为基准 3、国际收支具有自动调节机制 2.1Origins of the Gold Standard The gold standard had its origin in the use of gold coins as a medium of exchange, unit o