乔姆斯基转换生成理论.ppt

Noam Chomsky “除了置疑一切，我不知道还有别的选择。” --------- 乔姆斯基 Main interests Linguistics · Psychology · Philosophy of language · Philosophy of mind · Politics · Ethics Notable ideas Generative grammar, universal grammar, transformational grammar, government and binding, X-bar theory, Chomsky hierarchy, context-free grammar, principles and parameters, the minimalist program, language acquisition device, poverty of the stimulus, Chomsky-Schützenberger theorem, Chomsky Normal Form, propaganda model We focus on 1 Transformational-Generative Grammar 2 Competence Vs performance 3 Deep structure and surface structure 4 The Innateness Hypothesis 1.Five stages of development生成语法理论 1) The Classical Theory,古典理论（Classical Theory,1955—1965), which aims to make linguistics a science. Syntactic Structures,1975 2)The Standard Theory,标准理论（Standard Theory,1965--1970）,which deals with how semantics should be studied in a linguistic theory Aspects of the Theory of Syntax,1965 3)The Extended Standard Theory,扩展的标准理论（Extended Standard Theory,1970—1980), which focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar . Studies on Semantic in Generative Grammar,1972 4)The Revised Extended Standard Theory修正的扩展标准理论（Revised Extended Standard Theory,1980—1992)(or GB), which focuses on Government and Binding Lectures on Government and Binding,1981 5)The Minimalist Program最简方案（Minimalist Program)和最简探索（ Minimalist Inquires）, which is a further revision of the previous theory. The Minimal Program,1995 Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework,1998 Two Aspects of TG Grammar Transformational Aspect Generative Aspect This means that a grammar must generate all and only grammatical sentences of a language. Chomsky proposes the idea of transformation which refers to a kind of process that transforms one sentence into another. Competence Vs performance A set of rules that have been internalized in a person’s mind. Any actual utterances a speaker mak