无船承运人的责任问题论文.doc

无船承运人的责任问题 【摘要】：?随着我国集装箱运输和国际货物多式联运的蓬勃发展,介于对外贸易和运输行业之间的服务行业也面临着一场深刻的变革。一部分以直接或间接代理人的身份,从事着传统的单证服务、码头服务、海关服务等,这一部分经营者我们称之为“货运代理人”;而另一部分则以事主的身份,分别与托运人和承运人签订合同,签发提单,完全介入到外贸运输的全过程,对于这一部分经营者,我们称之为“无船承运人”。 “无船承运人”是由美国的联邦海事委员会(Federal MaritimeCommission-FMC)创建的。我国《海商法》没有直接规定无船承运人的概念及相关内容,但是近年来,无船承运人队伍不断发展壮大,已成为我国国际货物运输市场中不可或缺的部分。 通过一定量文献的阅读和研究得出的结论是:无船承运人与承运人的概念并不矛盾;无船承运人与实际承运人、公共承运人、船舶经营人等航运业务中的相关民事法律主体既有联系又有区别;无船承运人与货运代理人是独立并行的概念。本论文明确的界定了无船承运人的定义、特征、法律地位等问题,力求为完善我国的相关法律制度提供有益的参考。 With the vigorous?development of Chinas?container transportation and international?multimodal transport of goods,?between foreign trade and transportation?service?industry is?facing a profound transformation.?Part of thedirect or indirect?agent identity,?engaged in?traditional?document?service,?terminal services,?customs?service,?this part of?the operator?we call?freight forwarder;while the other part?to?the victims identity,?respectively,?with?the signing of the contract,?the shipper and the carrier?issued a bill of lading,?fully?involved in the whole process?foreign trade transportation,?for this part of?the operator,?which we call the?non vessel carrier.?NVOCC?is composed of?America?the?Federal Maritime Commission?(Federal?MaritimeCommission-FMC)?create.?Chinasmaritime law?does not directly regulate the?concept of NVOCC?and related content,?but in recent years,?the constant development and expansion of?the non vessel carrier?team,?has become an integral part of?the business of foreign trade transportation.?Through a certain amount?of literature?reading and the?conclusion is: the concept of?non vessel?carrier and carrier?are not contradictory;?the non vessel carrier and the?actual carrier,?common carrier,?ship operator,?shippingbusiness in the?relevant civil?legal subject?both connections and differences;NVOCC from freight forwarders?is the concept of?independent parallel.?This paper clearly?defines the?definition,?characteristics,?legal status and?problems?of NVOCC,?and strive to?provide a u