几种鬼臼毒素类似物杀虫活性测定.doc

河 南 科 技 大 学 毕 业 设 计（论 文） 几种鬼臼毒素类似物杀虫活性测定 姓 名 庄 鹏 院 （系） 林 学 院 专 业　 植物保护 指导教师 车 志 平 2015年6月8日有机合成杀虫剂以其高效性、速效性等优点给农业增产带来了巨大贡献。然而，由于传统的有机合成杀虫剂长期使用，引发一系列当今社会急需解决的问题。为了寻找安全环保的新型杀虫剂，以植物次生代谢产物为先导的植物源杀虫剂成为了当今研究的热点。与传统杀虫剂相比，植物源杀虫剂具有独特的优势，诸如无污染、高选择性、易降解、害虫不易产生抗性等，已成为当今农药发展的必然趋势。 鬼臼毒素（）类似物具有拒食兼胃毒活性，且能显著抑制昆虫生长发育，为一类新型植物源衍生物。本研究在1 mg/mL浓度下，采用小叶碟添加法，测定了几种鬼臼毒素衍生物对双委夜蛾（Athetis dissimilis Hampson）和家蚕（Bombyx mori Linnaeus）的拒食活性及毒杀作用。同时与阳性对照川楝素（Toosendanin）原药比较，找到了所测样品中对双委夜蛾毒杀活性较好的鬼臼毒素类似物。环境毒理研究表明，该类样品对家蚕也具有一定的毒杀作用。 通过本研究，初步筛选出了对双委夜蛾毒杀作用较好的鬼臼毒素衍生物。结果表明，2-氯鬼臼毒素毒杀作用最强，最终死亡率为83.3%。该研究为今后研发环保型植物源杀虫剂提供了科学的理论依据。关键词：鬼臼毒素衍生物；双委夜蛾；家蚕；杀虫活性 ABSTRACT The high efficiency of traditional synthetic organic insecticides has brought remarkable contribution to humans. The traditional synthetic organic insecticides long-term use led to a series of problems, which has become an urgent problem in todays society. In order to find efficient and safety insecticides, more and more tests aimed for the botanical insecticides. Compared with the traditional insecticides, botanical insecticides has become the inevitable trend of the current pesticide development; because of its unique advantages including free of contamination, high selectivity, easily degradable, difficult to generate resistance and so on. The material used in this experiment is podophyllotoxins, that is in fact several new-type compounds which food refusal, stomach toxicity and could inhibit the growth. The procedures of this experiment are as follows: first, use podophyllotoxin analogues extracted to made 1 mg/mL reagenand to feed Athetis dissimilis Hampson and Bombyx mori Linnaeus by the leaf-dipping method; then observe some physiological and biochemical indexes; next, mensurate their biological activity; finally, we can get an initial understanding about the insecticidal characteristics of botanical insecticides. At the same time, the experiment also compares it with toosendanin pesticide in order to find podophyllotoxin analog