系统解剖精品课件：内脏学01 Introduction Alimentary system.pptVIP

内脏学 Splanchnology 1 内脏的一般结构 General structure of viscera ◇ This kind of organs are commonly enclose by thin fibrous capsule纤维囊 and divided into many units known as lobules 小叶 ◇ 门 Hilum or porta -- A somewhat depression or slit on the surface of organ, where the blood vessel, nerve and lymphatic enter or leave the organ ☆ 牙弓dental arch 2 空肠 Jejunum 回肠 ileum In the inferior surface the liver may be divided into  4 lobes: ■ 左叶 left lobe Left to the left longitudinal fissure ■ 右叶 right lobe Right to right longitudinal fissure ■ 尾状叶 caudate lobe Behind the porta hepatis ■ 方叶 quadrate lobe Anterior to the porta hepatis 2) 下面 (脏面) inferior surface（visceral surface） -- There are 3 fissures arranged like “H” ☆ 肝门 porta hepatis ◇ 肝固有动脉左右支 right and left branches of the hepatic artery ◇ 肝左右管 right and left hepatic ducts ◇ 肝门静脉左右支 hepatic portal vein ◇ 淋巴管 lymphatics ◇ 神经 Nerves supplying the liver ☆ 左纵沟 left longitudinal fissure 3) The liver has 4 borders 二 胆囊和输胆管道 The gallbladder and biliary ducts 三 胰 Pancreas 3 The function of the pancreas The pancreas has both exocrine外分泌 and endocrine内分泌 function. The exocrine part secretes a number of the different enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates,and fats The endocrine part consists of minute islands (islets) 胰岛 of cells which secretes insulin胰岛素 directly into the blood stream for the control of blood sugar level Cardia pylorus Lesser curvature Greater curvature 贲门切迹 fundus body Pyloric part 幽门部 Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal 3）直肠壶腹 ampulla 4) 直肠横襞 transverse folds of rectum 直肠横襞（Houston瓣） -- 有三个，其中直肠中襞位于 右前距肛门7cm处，是直肠 镜检的定位标志 1) Position -- 上端在盆膈平面接直肠，下端终于anus肛门，长约4cm 肛柱 肛瓣 肛窦 肛梳 白线 2) Structure ■ 肛柱 anal columns ■ 肛瓣 anal valves ■ 肛窦 anal sinus ■ 齿状线 dentate line ■ 肛梳 anal pecten （痔环） 5 肛管 anal canal 3) 肛门括约肌 sphincters of anus