从台湾看复制硅谷的经验.doc

Creating a Silicon Valley: Lessons Learned from Taiwan Keywords??high-tech cluster, regional competitive advantage, Silicon Valley, Hsinchu 硅谷创建：关键词高技术产业集群，区域竞争优势，硅谷，新竹1. INTRODUCTION Silicon Valley in California and the Hsinchu-Taipei region in Taiwan are frequently called successful high-tech clusters, as many high technology firms are densely located in those areas. Spatial proximity or geographical concentration aids in the diffusion of knowledge and technology between firms through the frequency of their interaction (Busch and Reinhardt, 1999). It also provides benefits to each other by sharing fixed costs of common resources: infrastructure and services, skilled labor pools and specialized suppliers, and a common knowledge base. Alfred Marshall (1920) developed the notion of “external economies of scale” to refer to these sources of productivity increase that lie outside of individual firms. According to his view, Silicon Valley and Hsinchu can be treated as classic examples of Marshallian external economies, in which the localization of skill, infrastructure, venture capital, specialized materials and inputs, and technological know-how generate cost reductions for individual firms (Krugman, 1991). 1、导言 加州和台湾的新竹经常称为成功的高科技产业集群，因为许多高科技公司都这空间接近的频率（Busch和Reinhardt，1999）。它还：基础设施和服务，熟练的劳动力资源和专业供应商共同的知识基础。阿尔弗雷德马歇尔（1920）发展了“外部经济规模”的概念指的生产力增幅。据他认为，硅谷，新竹，可视为马歇尔外部经济典型的例子，其中技能基础设施风险资本，专业材料和投入，技术诀窍降低成本（克鲁格曼，1991）In the classical view, when the factors of production are geographically concentrated, firms gain the additional benefits of spatial proximity, or “agglomeration economies, such as cost efficiency and spillover of knowledge. Once established in a locality, such an advantage self-reinforces through a dynamic process of increasing returns (Arthur, 1990; Krugman, 1991). From the point of view of external economies to regional scientists and economic geographers (Krugman, 1991; Porter, 1990), the competitive advantage of industrial clusters depend on a certain amount