我国整秆与切段两种甘蔗收获方式发展历程与前景分析.docx

中国作物学会甘蔗专业委员会第15次学术讨论会论文集（广东分册）2014 ?海口-261-我国整秆与切段两种甘蔗收获方式发展历程与前景分析刘庆庭1，莫建霖2，区颖刚1（1.华南农业大学 南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室，广东广州510642；2.广西农机研究院，广西南宁530001）摘要：进入 21 世纪以来，甘蔗机械化收获技术在我国得到重视和发展。尽管整秆式收割机技术水平和可靠性在逐步提高，几家生产该类收割机的厂家仍相继陷入停产危机。进口切段式收割机价格昂贵，在我国使用中作业效率低，国产切段式收割机在性能和可靠性方面与进口同类机型还存在较大差距。甘蔗收割机生产企业、科研单位、甚至政府决策部门都面临着我国甘蔗收获技术应如何发展的困惑。本文在综述国内外甘蔗收获技术发展历程的基础上，结合我国甘蔗生产立地条件和经营模式，分析了整秆式与切段式两种技术路线在我国的发展前景，并提出相关建议。关键词：甘蔗；收获方式；前景；建议中图分类号：S566.1文献标识码：A文章编号：2014(GD)-261-12Analysis on the Development Course and Prospect of Sugarcane WholeStalkand Billet Harvesting Technology inChinaLIU Qing-ting1, MO Jian-lin2, OU Ying-gang1(1. Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment (South China AgriculturalUniversity),Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642; 2. Guangxi Agricultral Machinery Research Institute, Nanning 530001)Abstract:In21century,sugarcanemechanizedharvestingtechnologyweredevelopinginChina.Althoughwholestalkharvestingtechnologyandthereliabilityofthiskindofharvesterwereraisingstepbystep,somemanufacturersoftheharvesterswereclosetofailure.Importedharvesterwasmoreexpensiveandlessefficientin China. Home-made harvesters were relatively poor than inported ones in reliability andperfomance.Manufacturers,RDinstitution,anddecision-makingsectionofgovernmentinChinawereallfacedwiththeproblem of how to developing sugarcane harvesting technology. In the paper, the developing course of homeandabroad sugarcane harvester were reviewed. Land occupation condition and management mode ofsugarcaneproductionweredescribed.Theprospectofwholestalkandbilletharvestingtechnologywereanalyzed.Somesuggestion for developing sugarcane harvesting technology werepresented.Keywords: Sugarcane; Havesting Method; Prospect; Suggestion0 引言2011/2012年榨季我国甘蔗种植面积约155.7万hm2，主产区广西104万hm2、云南30.4万hm2、广东14.7 万 hm2 和海南 6.7 万 hm2。我国目前甘蔗收获机械化水平很低，但呈现出逐步提高趋势。全国机械化收获率 2010/2011 年榨季约为 0.07%，2011/2012 年榨季为 0.09%，2012/2013 年榨季为0.14%。甘蔗有整秆和切段两种收获方式。进入 21 世纪以来，两种收获技术在我国都得到重视和发展。尽管整───────────────基金项目：“国家甘蔗产业技术体系CAR