Chapter7 大学英语跨文化交际 教学课件.ppt

Cultural Patterns Chapter 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the definition of cultural patterns. Identify the components of cultural patterns. Perceive the cross-cultural differences in beliefs, values, norms, and social practices. Distinguish the various theories concerning cultural patterns: Edward T. Hall, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, and Hofstede. Chapter Outline Religious beliefs Buddhism: life is suffering/suffering comes from desire. Islam: There is one and only one god. Muhammad is the prophet. Koran is the sacred book covering everything. Christianity: Jesus is the son of God. His salvation is to save people. Pilgrimage to Mecca A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world. For example: 1) a widely shared belief dates back to the time when Europeans believed that the earth was flat 2) a belief for many European Americans is that in “reality” there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds. 3)Members of the European culture see humans as separate from nature. Based on this set of beliefs about the world, European Americans have set out to control nature instead of living in harmony with nature like the Chinese. Values Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel. Values can be classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. 生命诚可贵， 爱情价更高， 若为自由故， 二者皆可抛。 Culture values define what is worthwhile to die for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people, and what proper subjects to study and which deserve ridicule. Americans are encouraged to express their feelings outwardly and taught not to be timid about letting people know you are upset. Chinese are socialized not to openly express their own personal emotions, especially the strong negative one. “A harsh word dropped from the tongue cannot be brought back by a coach and six horses.” Table 8