The Environmental Psychology of Prisons and Jails Richard ：监狱和监狱的李察环境心理学.ppt

* * * * * New research Lighting, noise, privacy * * Consider just 2 here today * Asked diff q’s than other researchers – who needed to discuss hi violence Fundamental attributioin error – viol because people are violent * * * * * * * Me – would isolate if could * Inmates don’t have to defend selves Like community policing good management – * * * * Fights over phones, tv 2 v 4 tvs * * * * * Mental fatigue affects irritability, performance Reduces irritability, aggressiveness Increases cognitive functioning * Lab, hospitals * * * * * * * * * BOP attempt to radically change jail * * A different model – physically, operationally, symbolically Relied on contact communication * See place – instantly size it up for behavior expected required restaurant lighting * * * Built based on MCC study – went further – such as re: booking “thought they were tranquilized” Old style booking v Open booking * * * * * * * * * * X` * * * * * * Not all – Don’t adapt to crowding May not ‘hear’ noise – but learned helpless developes generalizes * - everything is harder inside * Noise can become unbearable * * * REALIZE PRISONS JAILS VERY DIFFERENT * * * Think of these – crowd isol – cours do But effect of other (lighting noiuse, etc – hi and as prfound  a reaction to scarcity Violence as a … Scarcity breeds competition ? aggression (principle of ecology) Incarceration creates scarcity * * Reduce scarcity by providing access  as response to stress Violence as a … As stress increases from all sources… Less tolerant More irritable More hostile Less sociable Stress and control Privacy options help reduce stress Direct Supervision Jails try to address all these sources of violence… Reduce fear Increase access to resources Reduce stresses – increase control options Views of Nature Biophilia – EO Wilson Significant research shows view of nature Restorative for mental fatigue Reduces stress – blood pressure Improves recovery Ulrich - 1984 Nature view