【商务英语】企业管理大纲(中英).doc

Management What Is Management 什么是管理 Management Functions 管理职能 Organizational Structure 组织结构 Management Levels 管理层次 Managerial Roles 经理人角色 Management Skills 管理技能 Management is…Getting work done through others——Efficiency and Effectiveness Management the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives. A central person must coordinate the work activities of others to achieve organizational objectives. The Four Management Functions Management Functions Classical Management Functions Updated Management Functions Planning Controlling Organizing Leading Making Things Happen Meeting the Competition Organizing People,Projects, and rocesses Leading Planning (计划) Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there. 1) defining goals for future organizational performance 2) deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. 3) A lack of planning, or a poor planning, can hurt an organizations performance. Directional plan: flexible plans that set out general guidelines. Specific plan: plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation SWOT analysis a planning to identify: Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths: manufacturing ability, marketing skills Weaknesses: high labor turnover, weak financials Environmental Opportunities and Threats Opportunities: new markets Threats: economic recession, competitors The forms of planning 1）strategic (long-range) planning 2）Tactical (short-range) planning operational planning: (运营规划) work standard, schedules 3）Contingency planning Planning your life and career Have you planned for your college study (tactical) and your future career (strategic)? Effective planning helps an organization adapt to change by identifying opportunities and avoiding problems .(find an example in real life)