Grassroots innovation movements challenges and contributions及参考译文.doc

Knowledge production in grassroots innovation movements 草根创新运动的知识生产 One could easily dismiss technologies for social inclusion given the enduring challenges identi?ed above (Beckerman, 2005; Sandbach, 1980; Long and Oleson, 1980). 考虑到上面指出的持久挑战，人们很容易忽视社会融合的技术（Beckerman, 2005; Sandbach, 1980; Long and Oleson, 1980）。 Critics emphasise the admittedly compromised, necessarily pragmatic, and undeniably partial innovation successes arising from grassroots movements: either because the results are insuf?ciently radical for social transformation, or because weaknesses con?rm views that conventional industrialisation is the only credible path. Such dismissal is too hasty. Responses to each challenge by grass- roots innovation movements create forms of knowledge of considerable social value in debates about innovation policy. 批评家们强调：草根运动妥协的、务实的不可否认的部分创新性成功要么于不足以引起社会变革，要么其肯定了传统工业是唯一可靠途径。此类忽视太过于草率。应对草根创新活动引起的挑战在创新政策争论中创造了具有相当大的社会价值的知识形式。 Constructive engagement between technologies for social inclusion and more mainstream innovation policy debates requires frameworks for capturing and understanding the knowledge being produced, and strategies for ensuring that knowledge feeds into debates effectively. This has to be done with sensitivity, since imposing too prescriptive and rigid a framework, based, say, in the kind of existing institutions and metrics for innovation mentioned above, risks both distorting and bracketing out inconvenient forms of grassroots knowledge. 社会融合技术和更主流的创新政策辩论之间的建设性接触需要一个框架来捕捉和理解所产生的知识，以及确保知识有效馈入辩论的策略。这必须要具有一定的敏锐度，因为如果框架中带有太多的规定和太过于僵化，则，基于上述现有的制度和创新指标，将可能会扭曲草根知识并形成不便的草根知识形式。 With sensitivities in mind, we elaborate three framings of knowledge production on the basis of the challenges identi?ed above. These framings are grassroots ingenuity, empowering inclusion, and structural critique. We think they are suf?ciently broad and empathetic precisely because they arise from the challenges (see Table 1). 运用思维敏锐性，我们基于上述挑战精心制作了三个知识生产的框架。这些框架分别是：草根独创性，融合与结构性批判。