语言学复习试题集锦.doc

英语语言学复习 I. Matching.（连线题） functional shift：It refers to the change of words from one part of speech to another. morphology：It refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. displacement：It means that language can communicate about things that are absent: real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future. antonymy：It is a standard technical term used for “oppositeness of meaning between lexemes.” acoustic phonetics：It studies the physical properties of speech sounds, as transmitted between mouth and ear. generalization：It is defined as the use of previously available strategies in new situations. culture：It refers to the patterns of customs, traditions, social habits, values and beliefs of a society. Received Pronunciation：It refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English. acronym：It refers to the word derived from the initials of several words. homonymy：It refers to the case that two, or more meanings may be associated with the same linguistic form. interference：It can be defined as the use of elements from one language while speaking another. distinctive features：The features that a phoneme has and that distinguish it from other phonemes. articulatory phonetics：It studies the human speech organs and the way in which the speech are produced. duality：It refers to the fact that in all languages, there are two levels of structure: higher level of meaningful units and lower level of sounds. polysemy：It refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. blending：It refers to the combination of parts of other words. back-formation：It refers to the word coined from already existing words by “subtracting” an affix thought to be part of the old word. social-class dialect：It refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. regional dialect：It refers to the linguistic variety used by people living in a particular place. cultural transmission：It mea