换热器有限元分析中值得关注非均匀性静载荷.pdf

换热器有限元分析中值得关注的非均匀性静载荷 陈孙艺 (茂名重力石化机械制造有限公司，广东 茂名 525024) 摘 要：为了减少管壳式换热器有限元分析模型引起的误差以及避免其案例误导，根据工程实际，分 别从四方面讨论了换热器非均匀性静载荷与结构变形行为之间的关系。首先是轴向非均匀性静载 荷 ，具体包括作用到管板的4种轴向非均匀工况；第二是横截面的非均匀载荷 ，包括管程轴 向偏流、 管程径向偏流、壳程非均匀进 出口偏流、壳程径 向的非均匀热载荷和壳程冷凝等5种工况；第三是 管程非均匀热载荷，包括单管程管间温差、两管程温差、四管程温差等3种工况；第四是设备大型化 的非均匀载荷，包括非均匀流态、自重和结构等3种情况。 关键词：分析模型；工程因素；应力分析；换热器；有限元方法；非均匀性静载荷 中图分类号：TH49；TQ051．5；0242．21 文献标志码：B 文章编号：1001—4837(2016)02—0047—10 doi：10．3969／j．issn．1001—4837．2016．02．008 NotableUniformityStaticLoadsonFiniteElementAnalysisofHeatExchanger CHEN Sun——yi (TheChallengePetrochemicalMachineryCorporationofMaoming，Maoming525024，China) Abstract：Inordertominimizeerrorsresultedfrom themode1offiniteelementanalysisoftubularheat exchangerandpreventmisguidancetoothercases，therelationsbetweenuniform staticloadsandstructure deformationofheatexchangerarediscussedaccordingtoengineeringpracticeinfouraspects．Thefil-st aspectistheuniform staticloadsofaxia1．includes4kindsofsituationofaxia1non—uniform actingontube sheet．Thesecondaspectistheunif0Y1TIstaticloadsofcrosssection．includes5kindsofsituationofaxial deftectedflow in tubepass，radialdeflected flow in tubepass，deflected flowsot‘the inletan(1OUtlet structureinshe11pass．radialunifornlthemr alloadinshellpassandcondensationinshellpass．Thethird aspectistheunifotin themr alload in tubepass，includes3kindsofsituation oftemperature difference betweenanytwotubesinsinglepass，temperaturedifferencebetweentwotubepasses，temperaturediffer— encebetweenfourtubepasses．Thefourth aspectistheuniform static loadoflarge—scale equipment， includes3kindsofsituationofuniforlnflow state，deadloadsand structure． Keywords：analysismodel；engineering factor；stressanalysis；heatexchanger；finite elementmethod； I】niofrillstaticload 元技术对换热器管板进行应力分析和强度设计， 0 引言