基于PID算法的水温控制器的设计论文.doc

基于PID算法的水温控制器的设计 摘要：PID控制是工控领域内的一种重要控制方法，将PID算法应用到以51单片机为核心的控制系统中，能产生良好的控制效果。基于PID算法的水温控制系统采用目前性价比较高的数字温度传感器DS18B20作为检测变送器，通过键盘向单片机输入设置温度，单片机将温度偏差进行PID运算后，输出PWM波。PWM波作为执行机构（固态继电器）的输入从而来决定电炉工作电压的大小,最终实现水温的控制。整个系统的电路结构简单，可靠性能高。经实验测试，该系统无震荡现象，响应时间短，稳态误差小，基本实现稳、准、快的指标。 关键词：PID；51单片机；温度传感器；PWM Design of Water Temperature Controller Based on PID Algorithm Abstract: The PID controller is an important method in the engineering practice. It can produce good control effect when the PID algorithm is applied to 51 single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control system. The temperature control system based on PID algorithm use the current high cost of digital temperature sensor which is named as DS18B20 as the detection, we can set the temperature of the water by using the key. The single-chip microcomputer will output PWM square wave after dealing with the deviations. It can control the temperature of the water by using the PWM square wave as the input terminal of the agency (solid-state relay). The whole system is simple and dependable. The experimental studies indicate that control device can meet the engineering requirement. Key words: PID；51 single-chip microcomputer；temperature sensor；PWM square wave 目录 序言 ····································································1 第1章 系统方案·························································2 1.1 设计思想··························································2 1.2 方案论证··························································2 1.3 论证分析··························································2 第2章 系统设计·························································4 2.1 硬件设计··························································4 2.1.1 电源电路····················································4 2.1.2 温度检测与变送环节··········································5 2.1.3单片机最小系统···············································6 2.1.4键盘电路····················································10 2.1.5显示电路·······································