低压断路器智能化控制技术研究报告.doc

摘 要 本文介绍低压断路器智能化控制技术研究，开发了面向配电系统断路器的智能控制单元。主要目的是实现低压断路器的智能保护、远程控制和集中管理，其内容为低压断路器智能控制单元的软硬件设计及其上位机系统的开发。 本文首先论述了装置的硬件框架结构，确定单片机及其外围功能单元的设计原理，通过系统的硬件和软件综合设计，实现了对断路器的智能控制，对于电力系统中短路、过载、接地等故障实现智能控制，实时显示线路运行时电流或故障信息。详细论述了其中主要功能模块的工作原理和设计方案，对装置的各种测量、保护算法以及实现方法进行详细的论述。该控制器单元以C8051单片机为核心处理器，主要进行数据实时采集处理和断路器的故障保护，以实现断路器的自动控制。其软硬设计均采用模块化和开放性的设计方法。硬件电路尽量选择标准化、模块化的串行芯片，而且留有余地，以备扩展；软件采用层次化和多任务的设计思想，有效地提高了软件系统的灵活性和可移植性。 其次，本文设计并实现了一种适合于上位机和单片机之间串行通信协议，利用Labview开发的上位机管理系统界匦友好、易于使用和管理，实现上位机对智能控制单元的集中控制、调度和管理。接口采用RS一485总线标准，硬件接口简单，通信可靠，解决了上位机和智能控制器单元之间的通信问题。并就研制的装置在硬件上和软件上所采取的各种抗干扰措施进行了具体说明。 实验结果表明，本文研究的低压断路器智能化控制系统基本上达到了预期的设计效果，对以后开发低压断路器智能化控制系统具有一定的参考价值。 关键词：断路器；智能控制器：过电流保护； Abstract The research of the intelligent controller of the low-voltage circuit breakers which are applied to distribution is recommended in this paper．The important purpose of the research is to achieve the intelligent protection,remote control and centralize manage of the low-voltage circuit breakers．The design of the hardware and the software of the intelligent controller and the research of the remote system is the primary content． Firstly the frame of the equipment discussed is in the paper．Through the design of the hardware and the software of single-chip computer system，the intelligent control of the circuit breaker,the intelligent protection of the short circuit,the overload and the contact to earth are realized．The real-time current and information of faults can be shown．We introduce the theory and the design of the module concretely．The arithmetic of the measure and the protection is represented in detail in this paper．The intelligent controller is based on the C8051 processor to sample and process the signal，and then to handle the faults of the circuit if there are any to achieve the circuit breaker’s self-control．The design of the hardware and software are all modularized and opened．The ICs selected the standard and modularized component which is serial.It’s the best if it ca