课件预防化学物质暴露.ppt

Preventing Chemical Exposure 预防化学物质暴露 The aim of this session is to simply highlight potential problems we all may encounter every day of the week. Whether or not we are at home or at work, chemicals are around us every where. 本次会议目的是强调我们日常工作中都会遇到的潜在问题。无论我们在家还是在工作，化学物质都与我们息息相关。 How we prevent contact with them and subsequent harm can be very simple. 预防与化学物质的接触及其危害后果是非常简单的。 Hopefully at the end of the session we will be more aware of the potential problems posed by them and also we just may be able to apply what is needed to be a little safer today than we were when we came into the room. 希望在会议结束的时候，我们能够比开始的时候更加了解化学物质的潜在危害，同时在今后的工作中也能够更加安全的操作。 Preventing exposure to chemicals Hazard and Risk危害与危险 Hazard - the intrinsic property of a material. Example, a solid block of hardwood timber is hardly going to cause a problem. However the same block being planed or sanded creates a much greater hazard. The creation of wood dust poses a serious health hazard. 危害-一种物质的固有属性。例如，一块实心硬木料很少会导致任何问题。然而同样的木块，经过刨平或者铺沙，就会产生很大的危害。木料灰尘的产生可导致严重的健康危害。 Risk- The form of a material is important in determining the risk to health from that material. No matter how toxic a substance is, if it cannot gain entry or onto the body it cannot have a toxic effect. The result in toxic effect is zero. 危险-一种物质的组成对于确定它对于健康的危险是非常重要的。无论一种物质的毒性有多大，如果它不能进入人体或与人体接触，那么它就不能构成毒害。毒性作用为零。 Preventing exposure to chemicals预防化学物质暴露 Contaminants污染物 Gas - Nitrogen, Cyanide, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine. 气体-氮气，氰化物，二氧化碳，氯 Vapour - Solvent vapour, process vapour. 蒸汽-溶剂蒸汽，工艺蒸汽 Dust - Wood dust, household dust. (need to consider micro size). 粉尘-木料粉尘，生活灰尘（需要考虑微小颗粒） Mist - Oil mist, acid or chrome from electroplating. Fume -diesel fume, welding fume. 烟雾-油雾，电镀产生的酸或铬合金。 浓烟-发动机-柴油机烟雾，焊接烟雾 Liquids - solvents, acid and alkaline. 液体-溶剂，酸和碱。 Preventing chemical exposure预防化学品暴露 Toxic effects毒性作用 Local - at point of contact. 局部-接触点发作 Systemic- site away from point of contact. Where it lands. 全部-