油品中碱性氮化物的去除.doc

摘 要 随着我国油品需求的不断增长，高酸值原油的产量也不断提高。原有的油品加工工艺,注重油品碱性氮化物的脱除，然而在脱碱氮的同时又提高了油品的酸值，降低了油品的质量，所以近年来油品酸值过高的问题越来越受到研究人员的关注。 本文采用对润滑油基础油进行脱氮研究，考察了沉降时间、沉降温度结果表明，润滑油基础油中加入适量的脱氮，能有效地降低碱氮含量；增大剂油比、延长沉降时间、提高沉降温度，均可提高油品的脱氮率。 关键词：油品；碱性氮化物；脱氮剂  Abstract With the demand of oil in our country is growing, the yield of crude oil of high acid value is also increasing. The traditional oil processing technology focuses on removing basic nitrogen compounds in fuel, but this also increases the acid value of oil and reduces the oils quality. Consequently, in recent years, the problem of high acid value of oil is getting more and more researchers’attentions. The method of solvent extraction was utilized to study lubricants base oil in this paper.The influence factors of experiment such as settlement approach, settlement time, settlement temperature, reaction temperature and reaction time are investigated. The result shows that proper deacidification agent is added to the lubricants base oil can reduce the acid value and proper denitrifier is added to the lubricants base oil can reduce the nitrogen compounds effectively. In the meantime, increasing the proportion of stabilizer and oil, extending settlement time and increasing settlement temperature also can enhance the rate of denitrogenation and deacidificatio. Under the same conditions, electricity refining settlement is obviously superior to the natural settlement. Key words: oil; basic nitrogen compounds; denitrogenation; deacidification agent; 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract III 第1章 文献综述 1 1.1 石油中碱性氮化物及环烷酸的来源 1 1.1.1油品中环烷酸的来源 1 1.1.2油品中碱性氮化物的来源 1 1.2 碱性氮化物及环烷酸的性质 1 1.2.1 环烷酸的性质 1 1.2.2 碱性氮化物的性质 2 1.3 环烷酸及碱性氮化物的危害 2 1.3.1 环烷酸的危害 2 1.3.2 碱性氮化物的危害 3 1.4 油品中碱性氮化物和环烷酸的脱除方法 3 1.4.1环烷酸的脱除 3 1.4.2碱性氮化物的脱除 6 1.5 本论文的研究意义及内容 12 1.5.1 本论文的研究目的 12 1.5.2 本论文的研究意义 12 第2章 实验部分 13 2.1 实验原理 13 2.2 实验药品和仪器 13 2.2.1 实验药品 13 2.2.2 实验仪器 13 2.3 实验方法 14 2.4 分析测试方法 15 2.4.1酸值的测量方法 15 2.4.2 碱氮含量测定方法 16 第3章 实验结果与讨论 19 3.1反应温度对润滑油酸值及碱氮含量的影响 19 3.2反应时间对润滑油酸值及碱氮的影响 20 3.3