英语词性之间转换和重译.ppt

3.5 转换法 （Conversion ） In terms of conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common. 所谓转换法，就是说翻译时某一个词在原文中属于某一词性，在译文中没有必要一点要翻译成原来的词性，可根据表达需要或译入语的语言习惯在词性上做一定的调整。 ;1. 转译成动词 英语和汉语相比较，英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言（见第二章），英语多用名词，汉语多用动词。 往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如：The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. ( 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就恢复了。)仅这一个句子，就可领悟到英汉翻译中词性转译的必要性。;A. 由动词的派生词名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词;5. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.;8. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.;D. 形容词转换成动词;2. 转译成名词 A. Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语的名词。如： 1. She behaves as if she were a child. 她的举止跟一个孩子一样。 2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止酷似美国人。;汉译英时，动词转换成名词的现象更加普遍，如： 1. 他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。 They taught us the value of an opportunity. 2. 他妹妹老是说谎。 His sister is a great liar. 3. 她对他们越来越憎恨。 Her hatred for them grew more. ;B. Adjectives-Nouns 1.Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议。 2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。;3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。 4. This problem is no less important than that one. 这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。 5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。;6. 她非常漂亮。 She is a real beauty. 7. 那个家伙笨的出奇。 That fellow is a typical fool. 8. 你说他傻不傻？ Don’t you think he is an idiot?;C. Adverbs—Nouns 1. It is editorially said that… 社论说…… 2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally. 他体力很强，可智力很弱。 3. It is officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. 官方宣布，巴黎应邀出席会议。;3. 转译成形容词 A