玛曲草地初级生产力及载畜能力的评价-中国农学通报.PDF

中国农学通报 2012,28(32):6-10 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 玛曲草地初级生产力及载畜能力的评价 万里强，李向林，何 峰 （中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，北京100193） 摘 要：为了对玛曲县草地初级生产力及载畜能力进行评价，以指导生产，更加合理利用当地天然草地资 源。运用甘肃省玛曲县野外调查和MODIS 遥感影像资料，计算玛曲县及下属各乡的产草量和载畜量， 对比分析了理论载畜量和季节牧场载畜量，并进行草地分级。结果表明：导致玛曲县草地生产力变化的 主要原因是超载过牧和自然环境如气温升高、年降水量减少、草地日趋干旱缺水等。载畜量变化的逆向 走势使草地生产力下降，而自然因素能在一定程度上引起草地荒漠化。因此，必须严格控制载畜量，并 以最新的理论载畜量和临界载畜量来界定实际载畜量，以扭转载畜量的逆向走势，遏制草地生产力的下 降趋势。 关键词：玛曲县；草地初级生产力；载畜能力；评价 中图分类号：S812 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2012-1440 Assessment of Grassland Primary Production and Livestock Carrying Capacity in Maqu County, Gansu WanLiqiang,LiXianglin,HeFeng (InstituteofAnimalScience,CAAS,Beijing100193) Abstract: Inordertoguidetheproductionanduselocalnaturallygrasslandreasonably,anassessmentwas conductedongrasslandprimaryproductionandlivestockcarryingcapacityinMaquCounty,Gansu.Byused thematerialsfromfieldinvestigationonMaquCountyofGansuProvinceandMODISimagesofremotesensing, the carried capacities on theory and seasonal ranges were compared and analyzed based on calculated grasslandyieldsandgrazingcapacitiesandgrasslandrankingwasconductedinthispaper.Thegeneralresults of study indicated, the main reasons that led to change on grassland productions of Maqu County were excessivegrazinglivestockandnaturalclimateconditionssuchasincreasingtemperature,decreasingannual precipitationwhichbroughtaboutinadequaterainfallonaridgrassland.Thereversetendofchangeoncarrying capacitiescausedthereductionofgrasslandproductions,andnaturalclimateconditionsledtothedesertionof grasslandinsomeextents.Consequently,thecarryingcapacitiesmustbestrictlycontrolledandthepractically grazingcapacitiesshouldbesetbasedonthenewtheoreticalandcritica