新管理经济学中文答案.pdf

第二章，交换、效率和市场 3、Evaluatethisstatement:”Youareanaturalathlete,anattractivepersonwho learnseasilyandcommunicateswell. Clearly,youcandoeverythingbetterthan yourfriendsandacquaintances.Asaresult,thetermspecializationhasnomeaning foryou.Specializationwouldcostyouratherthanbenefityou.” 评价下列说法：“你是一名天生的运动员，你能轻松地学习并进行良好的沟通，在任何事上 你都比你的朋友和熟人做得更好。因此，专业化对你来说毫无意义。专业化对你来说是成本 而不是收益。 This statement is not correct. Everyone has a comparative advantage even if some have absolute advantages in several activities. Thus, the person could gain by specializing in an activity and trading with others. 答：这种说法是错误的。 每个人都有比较优势，即使某些人在几个方面拥有绝对优势。因此，人们可以通过从 事一个专业工作以及与人交易获得他想要的东西。 4、Inelementaryschoolandthroughmiddleschoolmoststudentshavethesame teacherthroughoutthedayandfortheentireschoolyear.Then,inhighschool differentsubjectsaretaughtbydifferentteachers.Incollege,thesame subjectis oftentaughtatdifferentlevels,freshman,sophomore,junior-senior,orgraduate,by differentfaculty.Iseducationtakingadvantageofspecializationonly fromhigh schoolon? 在小学和中学，大多数学生在一个学年里由固定的老师授课。在高中，不同的课程由不同的 老师讲授。在大学，相同的课程由不同老师按不同的水平讲授——新生、二年级学生、三 年级学生、四年级学生或者研究生。教育是不是只在高中利用了专业化的优势？ The belief in U.S. education is that the early years are less about subject matter than about socialization and the general education process. In this sense, K‐8 instructors are specialists, who by the way have to obtain a certificate to teach in these lower grades. 答：不是的。 低年级更是利用了专业化优势。美国教育体系认为早期教育更多在于社会化和大众化的教 育，很少放在学科教育。因此，低年级的教师都是专家，需要获取特殊资质才能授课。 5、The top officials in federal government and high-ranking officers of large corporationsoftenhavechauffeurstodrivethemaroundthecityorfrommeeting tomeeting.Isthissimplyoneoftheperquisitesoftheirposition,oristheuseof chauffeursjustifiableonthebasisofcomparativeadvantage? 联邦政府中的高级官员和大公司的高级职员通常有司机送他们穿梭于城市之中或会议之间。 这只是他们的职位带给他们的特权之一，还是基于比较优势而配备司机？ The opportunity costs of the officials and officers to drive is very high. During that time they