浪漫主义和维多利亚和现代时期[打印2].docx

Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1. This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力：一是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命，一是同时期英国内部的工业革命。2. In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。3. The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动，无论是在英国，德国还是法国，都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性，新古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物，而浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体。5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此，我们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。6. The Romantic period is an age of poetry.浪漫主义时代也是诗歌的时代。7. They believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society.他们（浪漫主义代表诗人布莱克，华兹华斯，科勒律治，拜伦，雪莱及济恩）认为诗歌是医治社会顽疾的良药，可以净化人的灵魂。8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”华兹华斯认为诗人是对着广大人民讲话的人，而诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露，发乎情，止乎静。9. Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements.想象是在全无联系的各种元素上创立新型整体的一种超凡的官能。10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry.浪漫主义者不仅推崇想象，还强调灵感与创作的自发性，认为有这两种才智才能创造出真正的诗歌。11. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.浪漫主义者们还体现了强烈的民族精神。12. To the Romantics, poe