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Q hA T T SFU.ca(T T SFU.ca问哈)
Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Convection is the mechanism of heat transfer through a fluid in the presence of bulk fluid
motion. Convection is classified as natural (or free ) and forced convection depending on
how the fluid motion is initiated. In natural convection, any fluid motion is caused by
natural means such as the buoyancy effect, i.e. the rise of warmer fluid and fall the cooler
fluid. Whereas in forced convection, the fluid is forced to flow over a surface or in a tube
by external means such as a pump or fan.
Mechanism of Forced Convection
Convection heat transfer is complicated since it involves fluid motion as well as heat
conduction. The fluid motion enhances heat transfer (the higher the velocity the higher
the heat transfer rate).
The rate of convection heat transfer is expressed by Newton’s law of cooling:
2
q h T T W m
conv s /
Q hA T T W
conv s
The convective heat transfer coefficient h strongly depends on the fluid properties and
roughness of the solid surface, and the type of the fluid flow (laminar or turbulent).
V∞
V∞
T∞ Zero velocity
Qconv at the surface.
Qcond
Solid hot s
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