NPA personality theory（NPA人格理论）.pdf

NPA Personality Theory Personality theory based on the genetic traits of narcissism, perfectionism and aggression A.M. Benis, Sc.D., M.D. The NPA theory of personality was developed by A.M. Benis on the basis of concepts presented over fifty years ago by psychiatrist Karen Horney. The model posits three major behavioral traits underlying personality: narcissism (N), perfectionism (P) and aggression (A), leading to the formulation of discrete character types. Each trait is based on a major pleiotropic gene a gene determining several related characteristics) that follows the rules of Mendelian genetics. The NPA model proposes that the character traits A and N are indispensable to human development, being related to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively. The trait P is also assumed to function at the level of the central nervous system and to act as a modifier of the expression of traits A and N. The NPA model proposes to clarify the genetic bases of known personality disorders, diseases related to behavioral factors (psychosomatic diseases) and mental illnesses. An online NPA personality test is available in English and French versions. Venn diagram of dominant character types of NPA theory. Character types having the trait of aggression A may be reduced, reversibly, to a subdued or subjugated state A-.(see text) Contents • 1 What is personality? • 2 NPA model based on three genetic traits o 2.1 Genetics and environment o 2.2 Traits of narcissism (N), perfectionism (P) and aggression (A) 2.2.1 Aggression 2.2.2 Narcissism 2.2.3 Perfectionism • 3 Character types o 3.1 Dominance: dominant characte