PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY - GACPA（公众问责GACPA）.pptx

PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ?; Section 1. Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must, at all times, be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. ;Accountability implies responsibility and public trust. The contemporary emphasis is on everybody’s assuming responsibility and being accountable. ;Accountability is the obligation to render an account for a responsibility conferred. It presumes the existence of at least two parties: one who allocates responsibility and one who accepts it with the undertaking to report upon the manner in which it has been discharged. (Report of the Independent Review Committee [Wilson Committee] on the OAG of Canada, 1975);Accountability is also frequently linked with unfortunate outcomes: when things do not go well, the person who refuses to take the blame is often criticized for not being accountable. Curiously, the person who takes credit for a good deed is not usually described as being accountable. ;Public accountability involves three interrelated groups: (a) the general public and particularly the recipients of public services who are interested in service providers being accountable to them; (b) political leaders and supervisors of service providers to be accountable for a mixture of public policy and private and parochial interests; and (c) the service providers themselves whose objectives and interests often differ from the first two. (The World Bank, Governance and Development);Accountability is the essence of our democratic form of government. It is the liability assumed by all those who exercise authority to account for the manner in which they have fulfilled responsibilities entrusted to them, a liability ultimately to the people owed by Parliament, by the Government and, thus, every government department and agency. (Royal Commission on Financial Management and Accountability, 1979) ;Acco