Practical Approaches to Developing Mental （实用的方法来发展精神）.pdf

Practical Approaches to Developing Mental Maths Strategies for Addition and Subtraction + _ 1 This manual has been designed by members of the Professional Development Service for Teachers. Its sole purpose is to enhance teaching and learning in Irish primary schools and will be mediated to practising teachers in the professional development setting. Thereafter it will be available as a free downloadable resource on www.pdst.ie for use in the classroom. This resource is strictly the intellectual property of PDST and it is not intended that it be made commercially available through publishers. All ideas, suggestions and activities remain the intellectual property of the authors (all ideas and activities that were sourced elsewhere and are not those of the authors are acknowledged throughout the manual). It is not permitted to use this manual for any purpose other than as a resource to enhance teaching and learning. Any queries related to its usage should be sent in writing to : Professional Development Service for Teachers, 14, Joyce Way, Park West Business Park, Nangor Road, Dublin 12. 2 Introduction 5 Background Knowledge for Teachers 6 Stages of Progression 6 Uses of Mental Calculation 7 Fundamental Facts for Addition and Subtraction 8 The Commutative Property 8 The Associative Property 8 Inverse Relationship8 Subtraction as Deducting 8 Subtraction as Complementing 9 Subtraction as Difference9 Possible Pupil Misconceptions9 Teaching and Learning 10 Suggested Addi