走出象牙塔—以德国双元制高等教育为例.PDF

教育實踐與研究 文獻評論 第 30 卷第 1 期，169-210 ，2017 年 6月 走出象牙塔—以德國雙元制高等教育為例 張源泉 * 本文透過文獻分析，探究德國雙元制高等教育，包含巴登‧符騰堡邦、北 萊茵‧威斯特法倫邦與巴伐利亞邦三種模式，了解該教育體制裡的學生如何能 夠高度滿足企業對應用型高級人才之需求，甚至在巴登‧符騰堡邦雙元制高等 學校有高達 85%在校生即已獲聘於特定企業。長期以來大學與社會保持一定 距離，但隨著現代社會的發展，二者的關係愈來愈密切，由此大學開始走出象 牙塔，並轉型為服務站的角色。在此脈絡下，高等教育與職業教育的聯繫逐漸 趨於緊密，此聯繫基礎涉及國家社會的需求、認識論基礎的轉換、競爭型國家 之崛起，以及高等教育學用落差之困境。臺灣高等教育長期陷於學用落差與人 力供需失衡問題，或許德國的雙元制高等教育能提供一些借鑑。 關鍵詞：德國高等教育、德國教育、德國雙元制高等教育 * 張源泉：國立暨南國際大學國際文教與比較教育學系教授 （通訊作者：yuanchuanchang@.tw ） - 169 - Journal of Educational Practice and Research Literature Review Vol. 30, No. 1, 169-210, Jun. 2017 Beyond the Ivory Tower: A Study of Germany’s Dual System of Higher Education * Yuan-Chuan Chang In this paper, document analysis was used to investigate the Germany’s dual system of higher education. Notable examples include the models of Baden-Württemberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Bayer. Students in this system of education can satisfy the demands of industry; the job prospects of graduates has been enhanced where 85 percent of those who graduate from Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University found work in their field prior to graduation. For a long time, there has been a distance between higher education and the realities of the wider society; however, due to recent developments in modern times, academia is becoming more relevant and connected to the society as a whole. As a result, a close relationship has been developed