名师指津高考英语写作基础技能步步高：句子成分：表语定语状语补.ppt

一、表语 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词, 如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词, 也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。 练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词, 不定式, 分词, 还是表语从句)。 1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _____________________ ) 2. The book isn’t mine. ( _____________________ ) mine,名词。 on the desk, 介词短语。 3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( ______________________ ) 4. He has become a police officer. ( ______________________ ) a police officer, 名词。 yellow ,形容词。 5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. ( _____________________________ ) 6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _____________________________ ) to leave at once, 不定式短语。 that we should start at once. 表语从句。 7. His speech was boring. ( _________________ ) 8. The whole class got excited at the good news. ( _________________ ) excited, 过去分词。 boring, 现在分词。 二、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时, 或者是短语或定语从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。 练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句) 1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year. ( __________________________ ) beautiful, 形容词; many, 数词。 2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( ____________________ ) 3. The demanding boss wasn’t satisfied with my work. ( _________________________________ ) demanding,现在分词; my,形容词性代词。 on the desk, 介词短语。 4. That building being repaired is our library. ( _____________________________ ) 5. He is one of the students that have been late. ( _____________________________ ) being repaired, 现在分词短语; our, 形 容词性代词。 one, 数词; that have been late, 定语从句 6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _______________________ ) 7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. ( _______________________ ) woman, 名词; good, 形容词。 excited, 过去分词。 三、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词, 或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等, 作状语的典型词类是副词, 也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。 练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、