unit5learningaboutlanguage汇编.ppt

埃特纳火山（Mount Etna）拉丁语作Aetna，西西里语作蒙吉贝洛（Mongibello）。是意大利西西里岛东岸的一座活火山，海拔3200米以上，是欧洲海拔最高的活火山。它的名字来自希腊语Atine，意为“我燃烧了”。与其他活火山一样，埃特纳火山的高度处在不断变化中。 埃特纳火山喷发状况十分活跃，自2007年以来发生20余次喷发，累计造成近100万人伤亡。意大利政府为监测火山状态成立了多个监测站。频繁的火山喷发带来极为肥沃的土壤及大量的旅游资源。 Complete the paragraph with the words in the box in the correct forms. burn to the ground absolute vocano eruption wave fountain ash lava erupt The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise. They had always known that the mountain was a _______ but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat. When the volcano finally did _____, volcano erupt it was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in ____ and ____. A writer called Pliny, who was there during the ________, described how lava was thrown into the air like a ________. After it fell to earth, it turned into _____ of lava which travelled down ash lava eruption fountain waves the mountain faster than people could run away. It was an _______ disaster for those who could not escape in time. Many of the wooden houses and bungalows in Pompeii were ____________________, but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered during the 20th century. absolute burned to the ground 维苏威火山是一座活火山，位于意大利南部那不勒斯湾东海岸，是世界最著名的火山之一，被誉为“欧洲最危险的火山”，海拔1281米（4,200英尺）。维苏威在公元79年的一次猛烈喷发，摧毁了当时拥有2万多人的庞贝古城。直到18世纪中叶，考古学家才将庞贝古城从数米厚的火山灰中发掘出来，古老建筑和姿态各异的尸体都保存完好，庞贝古城也成为意大利著名旅游圣地。在这次剧烈喷发中，其他几个有名的海滨城市，如：赫库兰尼姆、斯塔比亚等也遭到严重破坏。 庞贝古物馆收藏着一类特殊的藏品，那就是考古学家依据出土的人体硬壳制作的人体塑像。在火山喷发的一刹那，无数的受害者在火山浮石、毒气、火山灰的夹击中丧生。火山灰包裹了他们的躯体，凝固了他们最后的姿势，将庞贝人临终前的所有细节都记录了下来。这些人死时大多和他们的财产在一起，有些死难者则手里握有神像，这说明他们在危难时没有忘记向神灵求救。虽然这些人已经逝去近2000年，仍能给每一个来到这里的人以极大的震撼。 其实这些“人体化石”并不是化石，当时没有留下残骸！由于火山灰等喷发物的温度、化学性质，死尸很难保存下来，当时很多死者的尸体被火山灰裹住了，时间长了以后尸体都腐烂了，但是火山灰留下了很硬的空壳，他们用了一个办法，就是石膏灌注，这样很容易复制出来死者的雕像 ，这个做法是1860年开始的。1991年用同样的方法，又复制出来九具尸体，使得人们在灾难最后一刻所忍受的痛苦、当时的惨状了解得更多