TEM 4 (第七节 复合句中从句).ppt

七、从属分句 复合句=主句+ 七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句 有关定语从句： a. 定义： 在复合句中充当定语，修饰先行词 b. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 c. 关系词： 引导定语从句的词，起连接作用 关系代词： who/whom/whose/which/that 代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分 （主/宾/表语等） 关系副词： when/where/why 作状语 定语从句结构：先行词+关系代/副词+从句 1. The party,___ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. (06-53) A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 2. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man___ he was twenty years ago. (03-52) A. which B. that C. who D. whom 在以下情况，关系代词只用that a. 先行词是不定代词（all/anything/everything/little/much/none/something/the one.etc） b. 先行词由形容词最高级或者first/last/only/some/no/very修饰时 c. 先行词由两个或两个以上兼有人和物 as 用作关系代词,引导定语从句，主要和 such连用 We have such grapes as you never saw. He returned with such provisions(食品) as were needed. (见第一节) but 用作关系代词,引导定语从句，与具有否定意义的主句连用，先行词可以是人或物，意思接近that(who)…not There is no tree but bears some fruit. =There is no tree that doesn’t bear any fruit. 没有不结果实的树。 There are very few but admire your talent. =There are very few who do not admire your talent. 没人不佩服你的才华 e.g. Nearly all the students in my class are grateful to him because there was not a single student ____learnt a lot from him. A. that B. who C. but D. what 1. 时间状语从句 时间状语从句的引导词主要有： when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, directly, immediately, hardly几乎不,简直不,刚刚 (scarcely几乎不,简直不,简直没有)…when, no sooner…than a. 如果位于when 引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或”was/were about to, was/were on the point of (正要)”等结构时，when表示突然发生“正在……突然”或 “刚……就……”.在这种情况不用 as或者while代替when. e.g. We were about to leave when it began to rain. while(当 ……时候)表示延续性的动作或状态 as表示(当 ……时候)可与when/while替换 b. (ever)since引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句要用完成时态 c. 在no sooner…than…/hardly…when/scarcely…when从句中，主句要用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时,如果 no sooner, hardly, scarcely在句首，主句倒装，had放在主语前面。