基本句子成分和定语从句.docVIP

简单复习内容： 句子成分; 简单句，并列句和复合句 主语：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，是谓语的陈述对象。通常由名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词或者从句等担当。 The moon moves around the earth . Swimming is a good exercise. To say is one thing，and to do is another. When to start hasn’t been decided. What he did hurt her badly. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 谓语：说明主语的动作或者状态，由动词或者动词短语担当。 I like studying English. The Canadian teachers have come to visit China. I will go to Hawaii to spend my summer vacation. 3. 宾语：表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象，或者用于介词后构成介词短语，通常由名 词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词或者从句等担当。 We love our country！ 另外，宾语包括直接宾语（表示动作的承受者，多为物）和间接宾语（表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做，多为人）。 He gave me a book. （me 间宾；book 直宾） 定语：修饰或者限定名词或者代词（用在主语和宾语前面），起修饰和限制作用。 经常由代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式，动名词、分词或者从句等担当。翻译时一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。 This is a difficult problem. 表语：说明主语的性质，特征，状态或者身份，常与连系动词一起构成复合谓语，通常由名词，代词，形容词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，动名词，分词或者从句等担当。 We are Chinese. 补语：是补充说明主语或者宾语用的，通常由名词，形容词，代词，数词等担当。 We elected him monitor. 或者 he was elected monitor.Will you bring them in？ I often hear her singing English songs. 状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或者整个句子用的，通常由副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词或者从句等担当。 He can speak English fluently. 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 句的型： 1.主语+谓语He swims. She dances. 2.主语+谓语+状语She swims in summer. 3.主语+谓语+宾语 The children like playing games. 4.主语+系动词+表语 The bike is yellow. She looks very young. 5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 I tell you a story. 6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 I gave a book to you. 7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语We will make you drive the car. We call our headmaster a wise man. 英语的句子按照用途分为：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句 英语中按句子的结构可分三种: 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 He often reads English in the morning.  Tom and Mike are American boys.  She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2. 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.  The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句又叫主从复合句，只有在复合句中才有主句、从句之分The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在，而从句是一个句子成