第三章 STERICEFFECTSINDNAREPLICATION.PDF

Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 2001. 30:1–22 c Copyright 2001 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved HYDROGEN BONDING, BASE STACKING, AND STERIC EFFECTS IN DNA REPLICATION g Eric T. Kool r o s. Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; w e . e-mail: kool@ i y v l e n r l o a u e s n u n a l Key Words DNA polymerase, replication fidelity, Watson-Crick hydrogen . a s n l o a s bonding n r r e u p o j r Abstract Understanding the mechanisms by which genetic information is repli- r o a F m 6. cated is important both to basic knowledge of biological organisms and to many useful o 0 r f / applications in biomedical research and biotechnology. One of the main functions of 2 d 0 e / a DNA polymerase enzyme is to help DNA recognize itself with high specificity when d 2 a 0 o n a strand is being copied. Recent studies have shed new light on the question of what l n o w Y physical forces cause a polymerase enzyme to insert a nucleotide into a strand of DNA o G and to choose the correct nucleotide over the incorrect ones. This is discussed in the D . O 2 L light of three main forces that govern DNA recognition: base stacking, Watson-Crick 2- O 1 N : hydrogen bonding, and steric interactions. These factors are studied with natural and 0 H 3. C structurally altered DNA nucleosides. 1 E 0 T 0 2 F t. O c u E r T t CONTENTS S U l. T o I m T