中国思想 儒释道幻灯片.ppt

1. Religion and Philosophy China has an 4100-year recorded history. ( From the endless primeval period, around 2,100 B.C.) Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the three great thoughts. Most social values are derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Item Central Figure Neonatal Date Duration Sum Confucianism Confucius 479 BC To 2010 2500 years Taoism Laozi 6th century BC To 2010 2500 years Buddhism Sakyamuni 6th century BC into China in 6th Century AD To 2010 1500 years The Leading Figures Confucianism Taoism Buddhism 1.1 Confucianism Confucianism (儒家; pinyin: Rújiā) is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, lit. Master Kong, 551–478 BC). It is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia. Teachings of Confucianism The basic clou of Confucianism stresses the importance of the individual moral development, so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the laws. Golden mean (philosophy): the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency “ Rid the two ends, take the middle one.” Relationships are central to Confucianism. Particular duties arise from ones special situation in relation to others. Ren 仁 (benevolence, love) Li 礼 (rites)---respect for the system of social hierarchy. 1.2 Taoism Laozi (老子; pinyin: Lǎozǐ;) was a philosopher of China around 6th century B.C. and is a central figure in Taoism. Laozi literally means Old Master and is generally considered an honorific. Taoism is the Chinese religion which believes in ghosts and spirits. It emphasized cooperation with the natural forces. Teachings of Taoism Wu wei (无为; pinyin: wúwéi) is a central concept in Taoism. The literal meaning of wu wei is without action. It is often expressed by the paradox wei wu wei, meaning action without action or effortless doing. 1.3 Buddhism Buddhism is a religion a