专四主谓一致部分.ppt

主谓一致问题 基本原则 Grammatical concord: 语法一致原则 Notional concord：概念一致原则 Proximity：就近原则 主谓一致的关键是认清主语 1、单数形式的主语后面谓语？ 2、复数形式的主语后面谓语？ 3、并列主语后面？ 4、名词+of结构做主语后面？ 5、其他结构（主语从句等）的主谓一致 单数形式的主语后面的谓语的数？ 语法一致原则 1. Many a +名词单数 2. more than one +可数名词单数; 3. a +名单 or two （c.f.one or two +名复） 4. the adjective; e.g the good 5. collective Noun（police, furniture, team ) 6. proper noun（书、剧、报、国、组织） 1. Many a +名词单数 There is many an error that he has neglected. 2. more than one +可数名词单数; More than one topic has been discussed. C.f. More topics than one have been …. 3. a +名词 or two A word or two misused. One or two words 4. the adjective; e.g the good 指抽象概念？指一类人？指一个人？ The good overweigh the bad in him. The deceased was his mother (ten farmers?) 5. collective Noun（三类 ) The public is the best judge. The public were requested to write down their names in his book. A. 同类其他：class, committee, team, audience, crew, family, party, B. furniture 为代表的集合名词 equipment, machinery, merchandise，jewelry, cutlery, poetry, fruit, bread, fish C. police代表的集合名词 Cattle, people, militia, vermin, 复数形式的主语后面谓语如何？ 主要使用的概念一致原则 1、成对概念的复数名词：glasses 2、时间、数量、重量的复数名词作主语，概念上常看成单数。 3、专有名词是复数形式的地理名称。 4、算式中表示数字的主语 5、以-s结尾的学科(-ics）、游戏、疾病名词作主语 并列主语 and 连接的多个成分，若表示一件事物或概念，单数；若表示多个事物或概念，复数 and 连接两个成对出现的事物，表示一个整体，用单数。 and连接，后面名词带有副词修饰（perhaps, not, particularly), 有逗号隔开，and前面的才是真正的主语。 every… and every…, each…and each…, any… and any…, no…and no…, many a…and many a…结构的并列主语，后面都用单数 并列主语 5、or, but (also), nor连接的并列主语，使用就近原则,类似的还有either… or…,not only…but also, 6、主语+with, together with, along with, including, in addition to, except, besides, rather than, 与真正主语保持一致 Practice 1. The assistant and graduate student _____ check the exercise books. (help) 2. That the sun and not the earth__ the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept for people to grasp in the Middle Ages. (be) 3. That cup and saucer ___ made from a kind of rare porcelain. (be) 4. Every man, woman and child ____ an important being. (be) 5