木屑菇渣复配基质理化性状探析与其对黄瓜幼苗生长影响.docVIP

木屑菇渣复配基质理化性状分析及其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响 　　摘要：本试验以草炭与蛭石体积比为2∶1的基础基质为对照，设计了1.5、1、0.5、0倍体积的基础基质分别与0.5、1、1.5、2倍体积的木屑菇渣配比的4个处理（T1、T2、T3、T4），对其基本理化性状进行了分析，并研究了其对黄瓜幼苗生长发育和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明，各菇渣配方处理随菇渣含量的增加，容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度均呈递减趋势，而通气孔隙度则呈上升趋势；所有处理气水比在1∶2.02～1∶2.43之间；pH值、EC值和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均随着菇渣比例增加而明显升高，pH值在4.25～7.03之间，EC值在2.64～5.01之间，氮磷钾营养含量丰富。不同菇渣基质配方对黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数影响值由大到小依次为T1T2T3CKT4，说明T1、T2和T3均可取代草炭-蛭石基础基质配方，其中T2、T3取代率分别达50%、75%，可列为优选配方 关键词：木屑菇渣；复配基质；理化性质；黄瓜幼苗 中图分类号：S642.201 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2016）11-0043-04 Abstract In this study， the basic medium with volume ratio of peat to vermiculite as 2∶1 was chosen as control， and 4 compounded substrates were designed by adding mushroom residue of 0.5， 1， 1.5 and 2 times volume. Their physical and chemical properties were analyzed， and the effects on growth and quality of cucumber seedlings were studied. The results showed that with the increase of mushroom residue in the four designed prescriptions， the bulk density， total porosity and water-holding porosity decreased gradually， while the aeration porosity showed a trend of increase. For all treatments， the air-water ratio was 1∶2.02 ～1∶2.43， the pH value was 4.25～7.03， the EC value was 2.64～5.01， and they all contained rich NPK nutrients. The pH， EC value and contents of alkaline nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium all increased with the increase of mushroom residue content. For different treatments， the healthy index of cucumber seedlings appeared in a descending order as T1T2T3CKT4. It indicated that T1， T2 and T3 treatment could substitute the basic medium of peat and vermiculite， among which， T2 and T3 treatment with the replacement rate of mushroom residue as 50% and 75% were considered as ideal candidates. Keywords Sawdust mushroom residue； Compounded substrate； Physical and chemical properties； Cucumber seedlings 我国是世界蔬菜栽培面积最大的国家，蔬菜移栽面积达980万公顷，种苗需求量达6 833亿株。草炭因有机质成分含量高达70%，腐植酸含量达25%～50%，pH值为4.8～6.2，氮、磷、钾总量在4%左右[1]，而成为目前最常用的有机育苗基质。但草炭难以再生，过度开发已造成湿地环境破坏、温室效应加剧等问题