肠道微生物及人体健康研究进展.pdf

生 物 技 术 通 讯 896 LETTERSINBIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.25No.6 Nov.,2014 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-0002.2014.06.035 综 述 肠道微生物与人体健康研究进展 1 2 童雨心 ，梁迎春 1. 复旦大学 生命科学学院，上海 200433；2. 北京中医药大学，北京 100029 ［摘要］人类肠道中定居着许多对宿主有益的微生物，包括细菌、病毒、真核生物等，它们在肠道内能与其他微生物 及免疫系统相互作用，对人体健康具有重要影响，被称为“被遗忘的器官”，它们的基因组也被誉为人类的“第二基因 组”，与人体的能量代谢及物质代谢有关。本文总结了人体肠道中病毒、真核生物、细菌和宿主免疫系统的相互作用， 微生物群的失衡可能导致的疾病如肥胖和克罗恩病等，以及微生物环境在人体内的成熟过程，期望有助于诊断和治 疗与肠道微生物失衡相关的疾病。 ［关键词］宏基因组学；肠道环境；肠道菌群；相互作用 ［中图分类号］R33 ［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］ 1009-0002（2014）06-0896-05 The Gut Microbiota and Human Health 1 2 TONG Yu-Xin, LIANG Ying-Chun * 1. School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433; 2. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029; China *Corresponding author, E-mail: lyc.513@163.com ［Abstract］ The human gut harbors diverse microbes that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. The constituents of the microbiota including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes have been shown to interact with one another and with the host immune system in ways that influence the development of disease. Gut microbi⁃ ome is honoured as humans second genome. These interactions are reviewed and suggest that a holistic approach to studying the microbiota that goes beyond characterization of community composition and encompasses dynamic in⁃ teractions between all components of the microbiota and host tissue over time will be crucial for building predic⁃ tive models for diagnosis and treatment of diseases linked to imbalances in our microbiota. ［Key words］ metagenomics; environment of gut; intestinal microbiota; interaction 1 人体肠道微生物 黏附及侵袭：其一，通过与肠上皮细胞紧密结合，占