第一讲course information and introductionppt课件.pptVIP

Lecture One: Course information and Introduction Contents of this lecture 1. Course information and requirements 2. What is linguistics? 3. Contents and aims of this course 4. Significance of learning language or linguistics 5. Learning strategies for this course 6. Questions for reflection and discussion 1. Course information and requirements 1. Instructor: Aimei (Grace) Chen gracechen89@ 2. Teaching Method: discussion and presentation. 3. Grading: Attendance (5%) Performance (presentation and participation) (15%) Mid-term paper(20 %); Final exam (60 %). 2. What is linguistics 研究语言的科学。同哲学、心理学、历史学、文 学和自然科学技术均有密切的联系。分理论语言 学和具体语言学；前者研究人类语言的一般规 律，后者研究具体语言的存在和发展的规律，如 汉语语言学、英语语言学，根据不同的研究目 的，具体语言学又可分为描写语言学和历史语言 学，前者研究语言在某一时期的状态，后者研 究语言的古今演变。 2. What is linguistics 此外，为研究语言实践问题，特别是同通讯科学 技术，机器翻译，语言教学和语言运用等有关的 语言实践问题，又分出应用语言学、数理语言 学、心理语言学和社会语言学等。语言学的内部 分科由语音学、语文学、语法学、语用学等。语 言研究已经有二千多年的历史，中国，印度，希 腊是世界上最早研究语言的国家（辞海，1989年版， 第447页） 。 2. What is linguistics 1) Definition “Linguistics may be defined as the scientific study of language” (Lyons 1968: 1). This definition is well accepted because it pinpoints the object and methods of linguistics as a discipline. Methods of study: First, certain linguistic phenomena are observed and questions are raised about them. Second, hypotheses (which are generalizations based on observations) are formulated to explain the phenomena. Third, the hypotheses are tested by further observations or experiments. If they are valid, the hypotheses become theories. If they are not, then the researcher must reformulate hypotheses and then verify them until no data collected contradict the hypotheses. Forth, linguistic theories thus produced, just as other scientific theories, are open to challenge.  Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Phon