真菌细胞生物学12.pdfVIP

12 Fair Trade in the Underworld: the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis F. Martin1 CONTENTS munities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microor- I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 ganisms that compete and interact with each other II. Biology of the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis . 292 and with plant roots, mycorrhizal fungi are almost A. Trading in the Underground . . . . . . . . . 292 ubiquitous. These species are no marginal oddity, III. Symbiosis Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 having been shown to account for half of the fun- A. Building the Symbiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 B. Cross-Talk in the Ectomycorhizosphere 294 gal species in most temperate, montane and boreal IV. Genomics of Ectomycorrhizal Symbioses . . 296 forests (Fierer et al. 2005). The symbiotic relation- A. Genome Sequence ship between roots and these fungi is one of the of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete most prevalent associations in all terrestrial ecosys- Laccaria bicolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 B. The Transcriptome tems. Knowing which processes these soil fungi are of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . 298 responsible for, and how, is thus increasingly im- 1. Transcripts Expressed portant for understanding the inputs and outputs in Free-Living Mycelium . . . . . . . . . . 298 in forest ecosystems. 2. Transcripts Expressed The hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi and plant in Symbiotic Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 3. Early-Transcriptionall