13级B3李香含英语词汇学.ppt

Chapter Four Minor Processes of Word-formation Acronymy Original 早在罗马帝国时期，罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词，它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是为元老院院和罗马人民而战)。但是首字缩略词的盛行，却是现代生活的产物。 首字母缩略词 Initialism With the first letters of each word condensation, and retain the original pronunciation of the letters. From the structure, initialism can use letters on behalf of the entire word Example VIP—a very important person /vi:aipi:/ CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 Names of different titles 有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值  有关考试方面的缩略词 CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试  Name of different systems GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘 DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑，缝制衣服，做贺卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘 EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology) 信息技术 OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化 API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 Three types of initialisms: 1) The letters represent full words. This is the main type e.g. CIA= IOC = UN =