英语修辞及举例说明.pptVIP

English Rhetorics Simile明喻 是比喻的一种，是对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现，且常带有比喻词，如： Like/ seem / be something of / as /resemble/ comparable to /similar to / akin to/ be analogous to My love is like a red, red rose. (Robert Burns) Metaphor 暗喻 对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不同的是在形式上，暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系。省掉比喻词。 明喻：Life is like an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises . 暗喻： Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty, and dangerous surprises. 拟人：personification 本质上是一种暗喻，其特点是赋予非人类范畴的东西一些人的特征。 The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listern intently. The sun kissed the green fields。 The thirsty desert drank up the water. Metonymy 借代又称换喻 是通过借用与某种事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物。例如用单词word 来表示话语或者消息news， 用硬币penny来表示钱 money. Word comes that the Chinese government will send a pair of giant pandas to the United States. This computer will cost you a pretty penny. 换称 antonomasia 是借代的一种，所不同的是英语换称中所用的专有名词通常源于西方宗教、历史以及文学作品中的专有名词或者形象。如： Solomon 所罗门------a wise man 聪明人， 出自圣经 Judas 犹大------ a traitor 叛徒，出自圣经 Helen 海伦----------红颜祸水，美女海伦为斯巴达王的王后，因她被帕里斯拐去而引起特洛伊战争。 Venus 维纳斯--------Beauty 美的化身，出自古希腊神话。 Reform is a Pandora’s box; opening up the system can lead to a loss of economic and political control. 提喻 synecdoche 是比喻的一种，主要特点是以局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代表具体，或以具体代抽象。与换喻（借代）相比，提喻的本体和喻体之间的关系较单纯。 He has many mouths to feed in his family mouth ----people They counted fifty sails in the harbour sails ------ships He is a valiant heart heart -----man 提喻的本体与喻体之间的关系是局部—全体，具体—抽象之间的关系，而换喻的本体与喻体之间的关系更为复杂。 类比 analogy 将两类本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较，在形式上很像比喻，也用比喻词。常用来阐释复杂的概念。类比最常见的句型为 A is to B as C is to D Food is to the body as fuel is to the engine. Shoe is to foot as tire is to wheel Followers are to a leader as planets are to a sun 当要解释一个比较抽象的概念时，类比可以很好地帮助你将概念形象化，具体化。 Don’t worry about the future,; or worry---but know that worrying is as effective as trying to solve an algebra equation by c