高考英语核心语法学案2.doc

高考英语核心语法学案：主谓一致 【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 一、意义(语法)一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语复数。 【完成句子】 用动词的适当形式填空 (1) Physics is (be) not easy to understand. (2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has (have) not been decided yet. (3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny. (4) Nothing is (be) impossible. (5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box. 【结论1】 ①不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news, maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。 ②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。 ④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。 ⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 【完成句子】 用动词的适当形式填空 (6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive. (7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered. 【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 【完成句子】 用动词的适当形式填空 (8)The number of the students in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work) hard. (9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers. [ ] 【结论3】a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。 【完成句子】 用动词的适当形式填空 (10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday. 【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。) 【完成句子】 用动词的适当形式填空 (11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country. (12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old. (13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired. (14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV. 【结论5】 ① “the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。[ ] ②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of