助动词.doc

第五讲 助动词概述：助动词本身无词义，它只是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构助动词共有5个 be, have, shall, do, will。与实意动词一样，有的助动词也有五种形式，有的多于五种，有的则少于五种。 重点：助动词的含义与功能以及助动词的用法 难点：助动词的用法 内容： 一、助动词的含义和功能 助动词本身无词义，它只是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构助动词 be, have, shall, do, will五个。下面讲述这助动词的主要功能： 1. 由be, have, shall (should), will (would)等构成除现在时和一般过去时外的全部时态。如： The river is flowing fast after the terrible storm yesterday. 在昨天的暴风骤雨之后，河水迅速泛滥起来。 You were playing the piano. 你正在弹钢琴。 I’ve written to accept the invitation. 我已经写信表示接收邀请了。 By 1555 it had already become important here. 到1555年，它在这里已经变得很重要了。 I have been reading the newspaper since five o’clock. 我从5点钟开始一直在读报。 It had been raining for two hours when I left home. 我离家时雨已经下了2小时。 My friend Paul will never forget his first chemistry teacher.我的朋友保罗永远不会忘记他的第一位化学老师。 I knew he would return next week. 我知道她将于下周回来。 The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing. 出租车将在你穿着完毕时到达。 He said he would have taken examination by the first of July. 他说到7月1日他将考完。 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你将在干什么？ She said she would be giving an English lesson at 5 o’clock. 她说她将在5点钟讲一堂英语课。 By the first of July, 2004, he will have been working at the factory for twenty years. 到2004年7月1日，他在这家工厂工作就满20年了。 He said that by the first of July, 2004, he would have been working at the factory for twenty years. 他说到2004年7月1日，他在这家工厂工作就满20年了。 2. 由be构成的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 In the USA 1.5 million copies were sold in the first fortnight. 在美国头两个星期就出售了150万张。 Another half-hour and all doors would be locked—all lights extinguished. 再过半小时，所有的门都要上锁——所有的灯都将熄灭。 Wet lands have been turned into fields. 湿地已经变成了田地。 The article will have been translated by six o’clock. 这篇文章将在六点钟之前翻译完毕。 A party is being planned for the end of this term. 本学期末打算安排一次聚会。 3. 由be, were, had, should, would, should have, would have等构成的各种虚拟语气。如： It is desirable that he be witness in this case. 他最好为这个案件作证。 I wish I h