多中心城市的生态绩效研究.PDF

第五辑 中国城市研究 130~143 多中心城市的生态绩效研究 1 孙斌栋 袁 谆 Study on the Ecological Performance of Polycentric Urban Spatial Structure SUN Bindong，YUAN Zhun (The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China) Abstract With mono-centric cities of infinite spread facing huge pressure from resources and environment, the transition of urban structure to multi-center has the trend. In environmentally friendly ways, the polycentric structure plays a positive role on the landscape structure optimization, climate regulation and ease of ecological deficit. In the harmony between residents and the nature, the urban structure of multicenter makes green open space distribution more balanced, promote the formation of ecological system, and make people more easily also more willing to close to green. Thirdly, a polycentric city of jobs-housing balance helps to reduce the commuting and leads to energy save and environmental protection. Moreover, the balanced layout of open space in polycentric cities provides accessible shelters from catastrophes. The ecological effects of the polycentric urban structure still need further empirical research. Keywords polycentric; ecological performance; space structure; ecological city 摘 要 城市无限蔓延使单中心的城市空间结构面临巨大的资源和环境压力，城市向多中心 的结构发展已渐成趋势。本文从理论的角度对多中心城市空间结构在生态方面是否绩效更 优做了初步的分析，认为多中心城市结构在环境友好、人居和谐、能源节约、环境保护和 绿地防灾上具有积极效应。在环境友好方面，多中心结构对景观格局优化，气候调节、生 态赤字缓解均起到积极作用。在人居和谐方面，多中心的城市结构使绿地开敞空间分布更 为均衡，有利于形成生态网络，使居民更容易也更乐于亲近绿地。在资源节约和环境保护 方面，多中心结构有助于减少通勤，降低能源和污染，不过这要建立在职住平衡的基础 上。在防灾方面，均衡布局的绿地有助于灾民就近疏散。不同的多中心结构可能会带来不 同的效果，关于多中心城市空间结构是否对生态更有效，还需结合具体实例进行进一步的 实证研究。 关键词 多中心；生态绩效；空间结构；生态城市 面对单中心城市扩张所带来的日益严重的