材料科学专业词汇材料科专业词汇.doc

专业词汇 钢steel钢种，钢号grade of steel铁屑scrap iron杂质impurity炉渣slag生铁pig iron平炉open hearth furnace转炉basic oxygen furnace, oxygen converter, converter高炉blast furnace电炉electric furnace冲天炉cupola高级碳素钢high grade carbon steel普通碳素钢plain carbon steel合金钢alloy steel特殊钢，特种钢special steel不锈钢stainless steel铸锭ingot模具die, mould凝固solidify (v), solidification (n)轧制roll精加工fine finishing成分component, composition, constituent, ingredient碳carbon石墨graphite精炼refine熔化melt添加剂additive, addition铸造cast, foundry锻压forge焊接weld热处理heat treatment退火annealing正火normalizing淬火quench回火tempering沸腾钢rimmed steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semikilled steel晶体crystal晶粒grain粗晶coarse grain细晶fine grain非金属夹杂nonmetallic inclusion氧化物夹杂oxide inclusion疲劳极限endurance limit疲劳寿命fatigue life真空vacuum氧oxygen氢hydrogen铸铁cast iron力学性能mechanical property物理性能physical property强度strength硬度hardness塑性ductility韧性toughness缺口韧性notch toughness断裂韧性fracture toughness各向异性的anisotropic各向同性的isotropic惰性气体inert gas压力容器pressure vessel有色金属nonferrous metal黑色金属ferrous metal喷丸处理shot blasting碳钢carbon steel低碳钢low carbon steel中碳钢medium carbon steel高碳钢high carbon steel弹簧spring元素element高速工具钢，高速钢high speed tool steel, high speed steel热作模具钢hot work die steel冷作模具钢cold work die steel表面surface界面interface晶界grain boundary表面光洁度surface finish磨光grinding抛光polishing磨损wear脆性brittleness白铁white iron灰铁gray iron可锻铸铁malleable iron球墨铸铁nodular iron抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度bending strength抗压强度compressive strength抗扭强度torsional strength抗剪强度shear strength疲劳强度fatigue strength冲击强度impact strength应力stress应变strain弹性elasticity弹性极限elastic limit弹性模量modulus of elasticity压力compression张力tension交变应力alternating stress最大抗拉应力ultimate tensile stress屈服应力yield stress伸长率percentage elongation结构敏感性structure sensit