M3U3 宾语补足语与主谓一致精讲精练.doc

PAGE  PAGE 9 M3U3 Back to the past Grammar and Usage 语法精析 一、宾语补足语的概念 在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，这个补充成分称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。 二、宾语补足语的形式： 常见的宾语补足语有以下形式: 名词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 现在分词, 过去分词, 动词不定式。 例如: 1. She found him a very clever boy． 2. He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting． 3. Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister． 4. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. 5. I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. 6. When he woke up, he found himself covered with a coat. 7. The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there. 三．常见的几种宾语补足语： 1. 名词作宾补时 He makes it a rule to exercise every day. People call the place the Golden Triangle. We elected him president of the country. 注意：当名词表示独一无二的职务、头衔时，作宾补的名词前通常不用冠词。 2. 不定式作宾补时 1)常接带to 的不定式作宾补的动词：ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind sb (not )to do等。 Our school forbids students to smoke. Please tell him not to come late. 常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：hear/ listen to / see / notice / watch / look at /observe/ feel/let / make / have etc等。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day in the past. 注意：改为被动时，要加to，let 和have不用于被动语态。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her. 3. 现在分词作宾补时 强调宾补的动作正在进行，这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send等。 Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. Polly found herself staring up at a man with his hand resting on her arm. 注意：感官动词用动词原形作宾补表示动作的全过程，用现在分词作宾补表示宾补的动作正在进行。 We often hear Alice sing the ABC song. The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 4. 过去分词作宾补时 宾语与???语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：get/ have /leave/ make / hear / see / watch / notice等。 I had my hair cut last Sunday. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard. He left the door unlock