国际贸易实务第三版知识点讲义.doc

Unit1 1.Transit Trade: （过境贸易）Entrepot Trade 转口贸易2.Value of foreign trade (额） is an important index to show by means of currency of a country the total value of trade Quantum of foreign trade （量） reflects by means of constant price the development of foreign trade without consideration of inflation. 量=value/price 3.Imbalance of Trade Trade surplus (Favorable Balance of trade): export values exceeds import value. 顺差 出口多 Trade deficit (unfavorable Balance of Trade): import value exceeds export value.进口多 Domestic laws：Foreign Trade Law of the PRC (2004)；The Contract Law (1999) International trade practice ：Not mandatory非强制的 (Since it is not law)： 《INCOTERMS 2010》； 《UCP 600》;《URC 522》. International treaty：双边或多边书面协议 国际法（国际条例或协定）优于国内法。 The United Nations Conventions for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) Unit2 一，Methods Describing Quality of Goods表示商品品质的方法 1.Sale by actual quality (以实物表示商品品质) （1）Sale as seen (看货买卖）适用：special types of goods such as jewelry, paintings, arts and crafts. It is used in auction/exhibition sale. （2）Sales by Sample(凭样品买卖) It is suitable for commodities that are difficult to standardize and normalize, such as arts and crafts. Sales by Seller’s / Buyer’s S Sample Seller:Duplicate Sample 复样(Keep Sample留存样);Original Sample原样, Type Sample 标准样. buyer:Counter Sample 对等样品 (Return Sample 回样 ): 对等样品（COUNTER-SAMPLE） 对等样品是指卖方根据买方提供的样品, 加工复制出一个类似的样品提供给买方确认, 经确认后的样品, 就是对等样品, 有时也称“回样” , 业务上有时还称为“确认样”。 要求（1）样品是交货的标准，唯一的依据（2）所交的货物要与样品完全一致 注意的问题 （1）样品的品质上不宜过高，也不宜过低（2）要留有复样 （Duplicate Sample） （3）使用封样（4）买方来样要寄对等样品（5）品质与样品大致相同 ，合同要作说明（6）参考样品 2. Sales by Description（以\说明表示商品品质） Sales by Specifications规格，Grade等级Standard标准，Brand or Trade Mark凭牌名或商标买卖， Name of Origin or by Geographical Indication 凡是采用文字说明、图片、照片、图纸等来表示商品品质的 Fair Average Quality (F.A.Q.) 良好平均品质，俗称大路货：买卖农副产品 Good Merchantable Quality (G.M.Q)良好可商销品质：木材、水产品 品质条款Quality clause Quality Tolerance (品质公差）工业品交易 industrial products Quality Latitude （品质机动幅度）：针对初级产品.trading primary p